Occupational Balance and Emotional Regulation in People With and Without Serious Mental Illness.

Background. Serious mental illness affects daily functioning, including occupational balance. Purpose. This study aims to compare occupational balance and emotional regulation between people with serious mental illness and the healthy population and to examine the relationship between occupational balance and emotional regulation. Method. A cross-sectional study was performed. Occupational balance and emotional regulation were measured using the Occupational Balance Questionnaire and the Emotional Regulation Questionnaire, respectively. A multivariate analysis (analysis of covariance) was conducted. Findings. The sample consisted of 112 individuals, divided into two groups: the serious mental illness group (n = 55); and the healthy group (n = 57). People with serious mental illness reported lower occupational balance and lower cognitive reappraisal than the healthy population. Furthermore, the higher cognitive reappraisal, the higher the occupational balance, and the higher the expressive suppression, the lower the occupational balance. Conclusion. The results provide preliminary evidence of the relationship between occupational balance and emotional regulation.

Evaluación de la eficacia y seguridad de un nuevo equipo desechable para lavado de oídos / Evaluation and safety of the effectiveness of a new disposable kit for ear washing

Objetivo principal: Evaluar el rendimiento de un nuevo dispositivo desechable para el lavado de oídos por tapón de cerumen, en comparación con el método tradicional (jeringa metálica). Metodología: ensayo clínico aleatorizado, doble ciego, de grupos paralelos, con asignación cuasi-aleatoria y análisis por intención de tratar. Resultados principales: Participaron 273 pacientes. Los resultados se muestran comparando jeringa metálica (JM) vs nuevo dispositivo (ND). Extracción del tapón: 86,10 % vs 94,52 %; efectos adversos: 9.55 % vs 3.64%; eritema en el CAE: 34.32 % vs 22.62 %; erosión: 5.97 % vs 2.91 %. Respecto a los profesionales que utilizaron ambos métodos de lavado, el 90 % señaló que el ND representaba una mejoría en el manejo del lavado de oídos. Conclusión principal: El ND desechable para el lavado de oído, mejora el manejo, tiempo de utilización, eficacia y seguridad en comparación con la JM. (AU)

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a new disposable device for ear washing by ear wax, in comparison with the traditional method of the metal syringe. Methods: randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial, with Quasi-random assignment and intention to treat analysis. Results: 273 patients participated. Results are showed comparing metal syringe (JM) vs the new device (ND). Extraction of the cap: 86.10% vs 94.52%; adverse effects: 9.55% vs 3.64%; erythema in the EAC: 34.32% vs 22.62%; erosion in 5.97% vs 2.91%. Regarding to the professionals who used both methods, 90% indicated that the ND represented an improvement in the management of ear washing. Conclusions: The new disposable device for ear washing, improves handling, time of use, efficacy and safety to the traditional method with the metal syringe. (AU)

Improving Self-Perceived Emotional Intelligence in Occupational Therapy Students Through Practical Training.

Background: In the field of healthcare, higher skills in emotional intelligence (EI) have been proven to have a positive impact on healthcare professionals in general and occupational therapists in particular and also on teamwork and patient care. The purpose of this research was to determine whether performing practical work included in the undergraduate Occupational Therapy program improves students' self-perceived EI, and whether there are any differences in the latter depending on the area in which this practical training is performed. Methods: It was conducted a multicenter, quasi-experimental, pre-post study with Occupational Therapy undergraduate students in the 2016-2017 academic year. A total of 184 students met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 10 (5.40%) declined to participate; therefore, the participation rate was 94.60% and the initial sample comprised 174 students. Mean age was 21.34 years (SD = 2.54) and 84.50% (n = 147) were women. Students' self-perceived EI was measured with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24). This measure was completed in the two weeks prior to the start of the practical training period and one week after the end of it. McNemar-Bowker and McNemar tests were used to analyze the differences in self-perceived EI between these two points in time. Results: After the practical training, an improvement in self-perceived EI was observed in women (Emotional Attention, Emotional Clarity, and Emotional Regulation dimensions). Regarding areas of practical training, results showed an improvement in EI in women who had received practical training in the areas of Physical Rehabilitation, Mental Health and Geriatrics and Gerontology. Conclusions: The findings contribute to a better understanding of the relation between practical training and an improvement in self-perceived EI. This insight can help make changes in the teaching methodology to enhance the emotional skills needed for a better professional performance.

Occupational Therapy, Self-Efficacy, Well-Being in Older Adults Living in Residential Care Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Choosing the type of treatment approach is as important as the treatment itself, also giving and important value to internal variables in the individual that can determine the evolution of the intervention. The main aim of this study is to determine whether individual and/or group occupational therapy leads to changes in generalized self-efficacy and psychological well-being, and to identify the type of therapy that has the best effects on older adults. Method: Prospective, randomized, comparing two treatment groups: individual and group therapy during 6 months. A total sample of 70 patients institutionalized in residential care homes for older adults with a mean age of 85 (SD = 4). Assessment was conducted using the General Self-Efficacy Scale and Ryff's Well-being Scale. For analyze the main dependent variables we used ANOVA for intra-subject and inter-subject factors and Pearson correlation between well-being and self-efficacy by type of treatment. Results: Groups were equivalent at baseline. The results show statistically significant differences between the two types of therapy, showing a positive correlation between well-being and self-efficacy, being greater at a group level than at and individual level. At the group level, practically all of variables measured in the participants were increased as shown in the results tables, including a better adaptation and predisposition to work four participants died while the study was being conducted. Conclusion: The clinical trial shows that older people in residential centers achieve an increase in emotional well-being and self-efficacy when they receive occupational therapy group, rather than individual treatment not being significant changes. Treatment group participants reported a positive experience and clinical benefits from training program. The clinical trial was registered in the U.S. National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) with NCT02906306 identifier.

Corrigendum: Assessment of Sensory Processing Characteristics in Children between 3 and 11 Years Old: A Systematic Review.

[This corrects the article on p. 57 in vol. 5, PMID: 28424762.].

Actividades de la vida diaria / Activities of daily living

Las actividades de la vida diaria constituyen un tema de interés especialmente para los profesionales vinculados al ámbito de la rehabilitación. A pesar de su relevancia tanto social como académica son escasas las publicaciones específicas sobre este tópico. En el presente trabajo se revisan las aportaciones y visión de la actividad humana como objeto de estudio de la psicología, la taxonomía de las actividades de la vida diaria y su relación con las habilidades para la vida independiente. De acuerdo con las propuestas más recientes, el estudio de las actividades de la vida diaria incluye, por un lado, la consideración de tres elementos: las destrezas de una determinada persona, las tareas u operaciones a realizar y el contexto donde se lleva a cabo; y por otro lado, la interacción de los tres factores

The activities of daily living are an interesting topic specially for professional linking to the rehabilitation work. In spite of their social and academic relevance are few specific publications about this. In this manuscript we review the contributions and the perspective of human activity as an object of study from psychology, the taxonomy of activities of daily living and their relations with the abilities to independent live. According to the new approaches, the study of activities of daily living includes three elements: on one hand the individual capacities or abilities, the tasks and the context or environmental; and the other hand the interaction between the subject skills